Health Education: Development and Validation of a Guideline for Oral Hygiene of Children Undergoing Cancer Treatment

Children with cancer commonly present oral health impairments due to lack of orientation about oral hygiene, which should be directed to caregivers since they are essential in this process. We developed and validated a guideline directed to caregivers for oral hygiene of children with cancer. This exploratory methodological study developed an educational guideline in three stages: analysis of oral health of children attended at the oncology service; literature review and development of the guideline for oral hygiene; semantic, appearance, and content validation by dentists, education professionals, and the target population. We used the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health, and agreements of ≥ 80 % among evaluators were considered to maintain or modify the assessed items. Professionals and caregivers were mostly female; the latter were predominantly mothers with low educational level from inland areas of Pernambuco state (Brazil). Most professionals had more than ten years of experience in pediatric dentistry. Agreement was > 80 % in all items. The content of the guideline for oral hygiene was valid and relevant to be used in children with cancer.

Los niños con cáncer comúnmente presentan afecciones en la salud bucal por falta de orientación sobre la higiene bucal, la cual debe ser dirigida a los cuidadores ya que son fundamentales en este proceso. Desarrollamos y validamos una guía dirigida a cuidadores para la higiene bucal de niños con cáncer. Este estudio metodológico exploratorio desarrolló una directriz educativa en tres etapas: análisis de la salud bucal de los niños atendidos en el servicio de oncología; revisión de la literatura y desarrollo de la guía para la higiene oral; validación semántica, de apariencia y de contenido por parte de odontólogos, profesionales de la educación y población objetivo. Se utilizó el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido Educativo en Salud, y se consideraron acuerdos ≥ 80 % entre evaluadores para mantener o modificar los ítems evaluados. Los profesionales y cuidadores eran en su mayoría mujeres; estas últimas eran predominantemente madres con bajo nivel educativo del interior del estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). La mayoría de los profesionales tenían más de diez años de experiencia en odontopediatría. La concordancia fue > 80 % en todos los ítems. El contenido de la guía de higiene oral fue válido y pertinente para ser utilizado en niños con cáncer.

Manifestación oral de la sífilis / Oral manifestation of syphilis

Introduction: syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with an annual incidence of 12 million people worldwide. In Brazil, there are increasing rates of infant mortality and incidence due to this disease. Objective: to report a case of primary syphilis with manifestation in the mouth. Case report: patient 50-years-old, male, homosexual with a complaint of an asymptomatic lesion on the lower left lip for about 2 months. In the intraoral physical examination, it was observed ulcerated lesion, with white-yellowish pseudomembrane, non-suppurative with hardened, elevated and badly-delimited edges measuring approximately 3 cm on the lower left lip. An incisional biopsy of the lesion was carried out and it was prescribed high doses of prednisolone, but without success. During follow-up, erythematous lesions target-shaped appeared in the palmar region and the resulting histopathological report showed ulcerated lichenoid cheilitis. Hematological exams confirmed positive for syphilis in the VDRL test. The treatment was penicillin G benzathine for 3 weeks. Conclusions: in the present case, the syphilitic lesion has clinical characteristics common to other diseases. Thus, dentists should know their clinical manifestations, that would aid in early diagnosis and treatment(AU)

Introducción: La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual con una incidencia anual de 12 millones de personas en el mundo. En Brasil, hay crecientes tasas de incidencia y mortalidad infantil por esa enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir un caso de sífilis primaria con manifestación en cavidad oral. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 50 años de edad, homosexual, con queja de lesión sin dolor en el labio inferior izquierdo que había comenzado aproximadamente dos meses antes de asistir a la consulta. En la inspección clínica intraoral se observó lesión ulcerada, que medía aproximadamente 3 cm en el labio inferior izquierdo, con seudomembrana blanco-amarillenta, no supurativa, con bordes indurados, elevados y mal delimitados. Se tomó una biopsia de la lesión y se prescribieron altas dosis de prednisolona, pero sin éxito. Durante el seguimiento, lesiones eritematosas en "tiro al blanco" aparecieron en la región palmar y el estudio histopatológico reveló queilitis liquenoide ulcerada. Los exámenes hematológicos confirmaron positividad para sífilis en la prueba VDRL. El tratamiento fue penicilina G benzatínica por tres semanas. Conclusiones: En el presente caso la lesión sifilítica tenía características clínicas comunes a otras enfermedades. Por lo tanto, los dentistas deben conocer sus manifestaciones clínicas, que ayudarían en el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos(AU)

Avaliação da atenção secundária em saúde bucal: uma investigação nos centros de especialidades do Brasil / Evaluation of secondary care in oral health: a study of specialty clinics in Brazil

Este trabalho discorre a respeito da avaliação da atenção secundária no âmbito da vigilância em saúde. Estudo descritivo, de caráter avaliativo normativo. Para análise de desempenho, foram utilizados dados secundários, com base na série histórica da produção de procedimentos odontológicos realizados nos CEO implantados no país e registrados pelo SIA/SUS no ano de 2007, e dados primários, pela visita in loco de 10% dos serviços implantados, com uso de questionários dirigidos à equipe profissional do CEO. Dentre os CEO analisados, observou-se que na maioria das regiões houve dificuldade no cumprimento das metas relativas à quantidade de procedimentos a serem informados no SIA/SUS. Sendo a Região Norte com menor percentual de serviços implantados. O indicador Cumprimento da Atenção Secundária em Saúde Bucal foi de 64,4%. Os CEO tipo III tiveram melhores resultados para o desempenho e cumprimento das metas. Foi evidenciada a necessidade de revisão no marco legal para a implantação dos CEO pela readequação dos critérios e normas, como também definições de novos padrões e cumprimento de metas para avaliação e monitoramento desses serviços.

This article discusses the evaluation of secondary care in the area of health surveillance. This was a descriptive and normative/evaluative study. Performance analysis drew on secondary data, based on a historical series of dental procedures conducted at the specialized dental clinics implemented in Brazil and recorded by the Outpatient Information System of the Unified National Health System (SIA/SUS) in 2007, as well as primary data from site visits to the clinics, based on questionnaires completed by clinic staff. Performance of the clinics was poor in most regions of the country, and the North of Brazil had the lowest percentage of specialty services implemented. The indicator "Performance of Secondary Care in Oral Health" was 64.4%. The type 3 specialty clinics showed better results in terms of performance and achievement of targets. The study showed the need to review the legal framework for implementing specialized dental clinics by adjusting the criteria and norms, as well as definition of new standards for achievement of goals in the evaluation and monitoring of these services.